(陝西澄城韋庄中學 孟憲明)
縱觀近年來的中考英語試題，不難發現大多數省、市對不定代詞從不同角度都做了考查。本人從教數年， 認為不定代詞是英語教學中的難點，且貫穿于教材中。很多考生對此模棱兩可，似是而非。鑒于此，筆者僅從 中考試題的考查範圍中來談一下不定代詞的運用。旨在對考生有所裨益。
[試題類型一]
1.I have three pens.One is red,____two are black.(’96河北)
A.another B.other
C.the other D.the others
2.I have two sisters.One is a farmer,____is a driver.(’96烏魯木齊)
A.other B.others
C.the other D.another
解題指導：other與another的用法
1.共同點：
它們都有名詞和形容詞的作用，在句中都可作主語、賓語和定語。例如：
①I have two pens.One is new,the other is old.(主)
②I have two photos here.You have seen one.Now I"ll show you the other.(賓)
③Would you like to have another cup of tea?(定)
2.不同點：
1)other的復數是others，所有格是other"s或others"，它可以與定冠詞the連用，即the other，指兩個 中的“另一個”。還可接復數名詞，表示“其餘的……”;the others是指一定範圍內的“其餘的”;others 是泛指“其他的(人或物)”，並沒有一定的範圍限製。
2)other既可以修飾單數名詞，也可以修飾復數名詞：another指至少有三個以上的“另一個”，它是由 an和other合並而成，可代替或修飾單數可數名詞，也可修飾復數可數名詞，且不與冠詞連用。
註意：
A.有時在比較結構中，要用other限定比較對象，使意義更為明顯。例如：
The room is bigger than any other room in the house.這個房間比房子裏的其它任何房間都大。
B.某人或某物在與同類幾人或幾事物進行比較時，套用“比較級+than any other 單數名詞/any of the other 復數名詞”形式。例如：
湯姆比他班上的其他任何男孩都高。
【誤】Tom is taller than any boy in his class.
【正】Tom is taller than any other boy in his class.
【正】Tom is taller than any of the other boys in his class.
(試題類型一答案：1.C2.C)
[試題類型二]
1.There is ____water left in the thermos.
Would you go and get some?(’96河北)
A.little B.a little C.few D.a few
2.Jack has a few friends in China.(’96廣東)
A.some B.any C.many D.much
3.There are several bottles on the desk.(’96天津)
A.a lot of B.many C.a few D.few
4.We had____people this year than we had last year.(’94陝西)
A.little B.less C.few D.fewer
解題指導：little與a little,few與a few的用法
它們在句中都可作主語、賓語或定語。作主語時，謂語動詞大多用復數形式。例如：
①Few of them speak English.(主)
②I met few (or a few) of my friends in the park.(賓)
③I have a few friends besides you.(定)
2.little與a little用于代替或修飾不可數名詞;few與a few用于代替或修飾可數名詞。little和few表示 “不多，幾乎沒有”，在意義上是否定的，a little和a few表示“雖少但還有一些”，在意義上是肯定的。
註意：
A.a little 可用來修飾形容詞、動詞或形容詞(副詞)的比較級。例如：
It"s a little cold today.
This is a little better than that.
Will you please speak up a little so that everybody will hear you?(a little 修飾動詞speak)
B.在句中出現few或little時，變反意疑問句時應註意，後面的附加問句套用肯定形式。例如：
There is little water in the bottle,is there?
C.Not a few=quite a few(或many)
not a little=much 例如：
There are not a few people in the room.房間裏有很多人。
There is not a little time left.還剩下挺多時間。
not a little 用作狀語是“很”的意思
He is not a little tired.他很累。
4.few和little都可用作形容詞，它們的比較級和最高級分別是fewer,fewest;less,least。
(試題類型二答案：1.A 2.A 3.C 4.D)
[試題類型三]
1.I am____stronger than my sister.(’96寧夏)
A.very B.quite C.too D.much
2.Mary has six apples.Her brother has three.
She has____apples than he.(’96湖南)
A.few B.many C.more D.fewer
解題指導：many和much的用法
1.共同點：
它們在句中都可作主語、賓語、定語。有時也可作狀語，主要用于否定句和疑問句中。在肯定句中一般用 a lot of ,lots of,plenty of。例如：
①Many of us are from Shanxi.(主)
②—How many English books do you have?(定)
—I don"t have many.(賓)
③There is not much water there.(定)
④He has much to do so he can"t play football.(賓)
2.不同點：
many用來修飾或代替可數名詞，而much用來修飾或代替不可數名詞。
註意：A.many作主語時，動詞用復數，much作主語時，動詞用單數。例如：
Many of us know a little English.
Much has been said.
B.much可用于形容詞、副詞比較級之前，而many不能。但如果many後修飾more,more代替或修飾可數名詞復 數時，前面隻能用many，而不能用much。例如：
This classroom is much bigger than that one.
He has many more books than I have.
(試題類型三答案：1.D 2.C)
[試題類型四]
1.Neither they nor she has vistied the village.
They____visited the village.She____visited the village____.(’96寧夏)(改為兩個簡單句)
2.You don"t like the same colours and I don"t like them.____(’96湖南)
A.too B.also C.either D.neither
3.I asked Kate and Mary to come for a talk,but____of them came.(’96雲南)
A.both B.either C.neither D.few
解題指導：neither和either的用法
1.共同點：
1)它們都可用作主語、賓語和定語。
例如：①Neither of the books is good.(主)
②He phoned neither of us yesterday.(賓)
③Neither way is correct.(定)
④I don"t think either of them is at home.(主)
⑤Here are two knives.You can take either of them.(賓)
⑥There are shops on either side of the street.(定)
2)Neither和either作定語時，其後的名詞都用單數。例如：
Neither book gives the answer.
There are tall buildings on either side of the road.
2.不同點：
neither是表示“兩都不”的否定說法，而either是表示“兩人或兩物中任何一個”的肯定說法。
註意：
A.either作為副詞表示“也”，不同于too，also,either通常用于否定句的末尾，too通常用于肯定句的句 末;而also通常用于肯定句和疑問句中，其位置一般用在to be之後，其它動詞之前。如：
①Tom has been to Beijing.Mary has been to Beijing____(96江西)
A.neither B.either C.too D.also
此題應選C。
②She is also a teacher.
③She also likes singing.
④I can"t speak French.My sister can"t speak French,either.
B.neither作為副詞表示“也不”，常常用于倒裝句的開頭，緊跟在一個否定句後面(當然nor也可以這麽 用)。那麽，如果是肯定句呢?我們要用so，依然是倒裝語句。例如：
I can"t sing an English song.Neither can he.
I can sing an English song.So can he.
還應註意neither和so後面的助動詞和情態動詞其後的主語在人稱、時態方面保持一致。
C.neither和either在句中作主語時，謂語動詞必須用單數形式。如：
Neither of them knows Japanese.
Either of them knows English.
D.neither本身表示否定，其後不能再用否定式。如：
兩個答案都不對。
【誤】Neither answer isn"t right.
【正】Neither answer is right.
E.either與not連用表示“兩者都不”，此時相當于neither。如：
I don"t want either of them=I want neither of them.我兩個都不想要。
(試題類型四答案：1.haven"t;hasn"t,either 2.C 3.C)
[試題類型五]
1.There isn"t____in today"s newspaper.(’96河南)
A.anything interesting
B.something interesting
C.nothing interesting
D.interesting anything
2.—Haven"t you forgotten____?(’96雲南)
—____?Oh.I forgot my bag.
A.anything...Excuse me
B.something...Excuse me
C.something...Pardon
D.everything...Pardon
3.Hello,John!Come here please.I have____to tell you.
A.important something
B.something important
C.important anything
D.important nothing(’96甘肅)
4.Are there____students in the classroom?(’96烏魯木齊)
A.any B.some C./ D.the
5."Mum,Ann"s coming tonight.Let"s give her____to eat.""Good idea!"(’96江西)
A.anything nice B.nice anything
C.something nice D.nice something
解題指導：some,something,any,anything的用法
首先，some多用于肯定句，any多用于否定句、疑問句或條件從句，在句中可作主語、賓語或定語。例如：
①Some are reading,others are writing.(主)
②I have some questions to ask.(定)
③—Have you any French book?(定)
—Yes,I have some.(賓)
其次，some和any皆可修飾可數名詞和不可數名詞。
something/anything與some/any的用法類似。
註意：
A.有些疑問句表示請求、建議時多用some，而不用any。例如：
Will you please give me some paper?
Why don"t you buy some bananas?
B.復合不定代詞一般不用作定語，可作主語、賓語或表語。如：
Everyone is here.
Something is wrong with your bike.
Have you anything to say?
That"s nothing.
C.復合不定代詞被定語所修飾時，定語則往往放在它們的後面。例如：
There is nothing wrong with the machine.
Is there anything important in today"s newspaper?
D.復合不定代詞都表示單數概念，謂語套用單數形式。例如：
Nobody is absent.
Is anything wrong with your watch?
(試題類型五答案：1.A 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.C)
[試題類型六]
1.All the____are ready to run(run).(’96雲南)
2.Of all the____(play) who do you like best?(’96山西)
解題指導：all的用法
1.all用來指三個或三個以上的人或物(指兩個人或事物套用both)，它在句中可做主語、表語、賓語、同 位語或定語。當它用作定語時，大多數情況下修飾復數名詞，當然也可以修飾不可數名詞。例如：
All the teachers were having a meeting when I came in.
That"s all for today.
2.all與物主代詞、指示代詞及定冠詞連用時，往往放在它們的前面。如：
All my books are on the table.
Are all the things in the car now?
註意：
A.當all作主語時，表示“整體事物”，其後謂語動詞套用單數，表示“所有的人或物”，用復數。例如：
All is ready.
All are welcome.
B.all的對應詞為none;both的對應詞為neither，當它們作主語時應註意謂語動詞的單復數變化。例如：
Both of them were late for school.
Neither of them was late for school.
C.all,both與not連用時並不表示全部否定，而表示部分否定。例如：
All the teachers do not live in this street.老師們並不是個個都住在這條街上。
要表示全部否定，要用它們相對應的詞。如：
None of the teacher live(s) in this street.
D.要註意all與both的位置，它們兩個都用于動詞be之後;實義動詞之前。例如：
We are both teachers.
They both stand up.
They have all gone to Shanghai.
(試題類型六答案：1.runners 2.players)*