近年來，中考英語試題，對語音知識的測試越來越熱門，其內容主要包括音 素、重音和語調三個方面。下 面將分別給予介紹：
一、音素：所考查的內容主要包括母音音素和輔音音素(共四十八個)，因 涉及面較廣，不再詳述。(後 附近幾年所考查音素的主要題型。)
二、重音：重音可分為單詞重音和句子重音兩種。
1.單詞重音：英語單詞由于音節的數量不一，就出現了讀起來有輕有重的現 象。一般地，每個單詞都有一 個音節是重讀的，稱重讀音節;其餘的音節不重 讀，稱非重讀音節。但有的多音節詞，除了一個重讀音節之外 ，還有一個次重 讀音節。重讀音節的符號是："′"，次重讀音節的符號是："@①"。單音節 必須重讀，不 標符號。
例：name[neim] letter[′let@②] information[@①inf@②′mei∫@ ②n]
那麽單詞重讀有無規則可循?回答是肯定的。單詞重讀的規則一般是：
①單音節詞均重讀。例：beg[beg]，put[put]
②雙音節詞一般第一個音節重讀。
例：doctor[′d@③kt@②] better[′bet@②] apple[′aepl]但是如有 首碼a-,be-,re-, dis-, mis-, de-等雙音節詞，則第二個音節重讀。
例：about[@②′baut]，again[@②′gen]，address[@②′dres]， beside[bi′said]，report[ri′p @③:t]，mistake[mis′teik]， decide[di′said]
另外，雙音節詞的合成詞，一般第一個音節重讀。例：blackboard[′blaekb @③:d]、homework[′h@② umw@②:k]但也有兩音節均重讀的：
′four′teen、′ un ′fair、′hel′lo、′up′stairs、 ′down′s tairs、 ′un′touched、 ′out′side、′chi′nese、′nine′teen等。
③多音節詞一般是倒數第三個音節重讀。
例：wonderful[′wnd@①ful]，immediately[i′mi:dj@②tli]， interested[′intristid]
但雙音節詞加上首碼或尾碼構成的多音節詞，仍按原來的詞根重音來讀。 例：con′ductor，′carefully，dis′cover，as′sistant等。
④-ic，-tion，-sion之前的音節要重讀。
例：′question，ope′ration，compo′sition，′topic，de ′cision。 為了幫助初三學生更好地記憶、朗讀單詞，正確地辨音，畢業復習時我把初 中全部單詞按重音歸納出來。 單音節詞一般本身就重讀。如：bag，desk等。 雙音節詞和多音節詞一般重音在第一個音節上。 如：′presen t′vegetable 等。現著重歸納出重音位置較特殊的單詞，這樣有利于學生復習。實踐證明，效 果甚好。
(一)重音在第二個音節上的單詞：
about agree across already among
above address afraid again ago
along alone another around away
arrive australia australian america american
because before below become became
begin beginning behind beside between
banana computer canadian conductor decide
develop dictation delicious december enjoyable
example exam except excuse expensive
eraser eleven enough forgetful forget
goodbye herself himself hooray important
instruction invent invention inventor idea
inside instead itself july japan
machine museum november o"clock october
prefer produce polite politely policeman
potato perhaps receive result return
remember report september surprise tomato
tonight together toronto toward tomorrow
today themselves unusual until unhappy
united without yourself yourselves
(二)兩個重讀音節的詞：ok fifteen fourteen thirteen sixteen seventeen eight een nineteen afternoon chinese southeast southwest unlike northeast northwest outside untrue upstairs lordspeaker headmaster headteacher downstairs retell tv
(三)前有一個次重讀音節，後又有一個重讀音節的單詞：
japanese understand understood operation ourselvespopulation education examination congrat ulation
2.句子重音：句子重音，即句子中某些單詞需要重讀。一般地，句中的名詞、 動詞(助動詞和be有時例外 )、形容詞、副詞、數詞和感嘆詞需重讀;代詞(指 示代詞、疑問代詞例外)、介詞、冠詞和連詞不需要重讀 。
例：′this is a ′book. it"s ′red. ′sit′down. 動詞be的各種形式均不重讀，但在句末出現時，一般要重讀。
is ′that a′book?′yes,it′is.
另外，be的否定形式一定重讀。′no,it′isn"t. 單音節介詞一般不重讀，而雙音節介詞一般重讀。例：it"s on the ′table. it"s ′beside the ′tab le.
所有的句子是否都根據此規則去做就可以了呢?不行，還要根據具體的語言 環境分析對待。如上句中使用 過的詞，下句中緊接著再出現而不強調時，一般 不重讀。下面略舉幾例：
根據對話的情景，找出劃線部分一般重讀的單詞。
①—do you speak english? —no, i don"t speak english.
a.no, i, speak b.don"t, speak, english c.no, don"t d.no, i, speak, english
解：根據一般規律，實詞重讀、虛詞不重讀。但從具體情況來看，speak， english均屬第二次出現的不再 傳達新信息的實詞，未被強調，不需重讀。故 排除a、b、d，答案c。
②—what does xiao li do? —he is a teacher like me.
a.teacher, me b.teacher, like c.teacher, like, me d.teacher
解：按一般規則，人稱代詞不重讀。但從具體的語言環境看，表示強調或對 比的單詞，無論實詞、虛詞均 重讀。故答案選a。
③—tom didn"t go to school yesterday, did he? —no, he went to the hospital to see his mother.
a.no, went, hospital, see, mother b.mother, see c.went, see, mother d. no, went, see
析：根據一般規則和具體的語言環境來看，應選擇答案a。
三、語調：基本語調是降調和升調，其規則是：
陳述句、祈使句、感嘆句、特殊疑問句均讀降調。
一般疑問句讀升調。(語氣婉轉的祈使句，特殊情況下的陳述句也讀升調。) 選擇疑問句，前升後降(指or前後)。
反意問句的陳述部分讀降調;疑問部分，如表示懷疑或無把握讀升調，如有 把握讀降調。
例：come@④in. what"s your@④ name? is that a @⑤ jeep? don"t do it @⑤ that way. we study @⑤ chinese,@⑤ maths @⑤ english and other @④lessons. 光知道這些規則不行，還須根據具體的語言環境靈活運用。現舉例說明之：
1.—do they have a car?
—pardon? (i beg your pardon?)
—i asked you if they have a car.
a.升、升、降 b.升、降、降
c.升、升、升 d.升、降、升
解：i beg your pardon.有兩種讀法：讀升調時，表示請對方再說一遍;讀 降調時表示請對方原諒。從對 話的內容和情景看，應讀升調，故選a。
2.—is your mother in?
—no, she went to new york yesterday.
—where did she go?
a.降、升、降 b.降、降、升
c.升、降、升 d.升、降、降
解：一般地，特殊問句應讀降調，但從具體對話的情形看，答話人已說出問 話人所問的具體地點，隻是問 話的人沒聽清，想讓對方再說一遍，所以此特殊 問句應讀升調。故選c。
3.—when did you get to know lao li?
—the year before last.
—then you"ve known each other for about two years,haven"t you?
a.升、降、降 b.降、降、降
c.升、升、降 d.降、降、升
解：反意問句的讀法有兩種：當提問者無把握時，疑問部分讀升調;當提問 者確有把握時，疑問部分讀降 調。從此對話的情景看，回答者已說出是前年認 識的，自然提問者可以有把握地推算出答者與老李相識兩年了 ，隻是想讓對方 證實一下，故用降調。所以選b。
練習
一、從a、b、c、d中找出與前面所給單詞的斜體部分讀音相同的選項。
()1.said a.explain b.rail
c.train d.again
()2.danger a.ahead b.break
c.instead d.catch
()3.soon a.foolish b.good
c.cook d.took
()4.grandma a.rang b.wallet
c.able d.save
()5.bank a.wonder b.unfair
c.angry d.disappointed
二、找出下面單詞斜體部分的讀音與其他三個不同的單詞：
()1.a.matter b.danger c.camel d.bad
()2.a.months b.baths c.mouths d.clothes
()3.a.member b.never c.fever d.temple
()4.a.tomb b.common c.model d.forest
()5.a.train b.said c.raise d.tail
三、分辨每組單詞中斜體部分的讀音，在a、b、c、d中選擇答案，a.四單 詞有一種讀音b.二種讀音c.三種 讀音d.四種讀音 ()1. many famous chance carry
()2. salt what report four
()3. post move none hot
()4. break cheap ready meat
()5. says ways pays days
四、下面每組四個單詞中的斜體部分若有一個與所給音標讀音相同的選a， 若有兩個選b，三個選c，四個選 d。
()1.[i:] eat real cheat steam
()2.[i:] tea head theatre freezep>()3.[i] capital ship captain mountain
()4.[e] again said treasure afraid
()5.[e] even ever message wednesday
五、單詞配音：
六、把下列單詞按斜體部分的讀音歸類。(隻填編號)
a.south b.dance c.light d.third
e.far f.down g.world h.shine
[α:]______ ______ [au]_______ ______
[@②:]_______ ______ [ai]______ ______ 七、從四個選項中選出一個重音位置與其它三個不同的單詞：
()1.a.over b.even
c.musician d.quietly
()2.a.excuse b.enjoy c.report d.unfair
()3.a.headmaster b.shortcoming
c.because d.already
()4.a.decide b.without
c.exercise d.prepare
()5.a.against b.almost
c.apologize d.correctly
()6.a.spirit b.seagull c.reply d.pyramid
()7.a.wherever b.throughout
c.repeat d.hardly
()8.a.really b.happen
c.frighten d.pronounce
()9.a.modern b.foreign
c.receive d.famous
()10.a.regret b.except
c.politics d.piano
()11.a.excuse b.explain
c.enough d.problem
()12.a.fascination b.alone
c.research d.asleep
()13.a.heaven b.dustman
c.disappear d.medicine
()14.a.liberation b.musician
c.educaion d.operation
八、在下列各組單詞中找出含有兩個重音的選項：
()1.a.yourself b.volleyball
c.untouched d.tuesday
()2.a.topic b.outside
c.telegraph d.silent
()3.a.restaurant b.november
c.museum d.nineteen
()4.a.chinese b.mixture
c.horrible d.animal
()5.a.handwriting b.hello
c.boyhood d.assistant
九、根據對話情景，下面劃線部分中，哪些單詞一般重讀。
()1.—where did your brother study before he joined the army?
—he studied at the no.2 middle school.
a.he, studied
b.studied, no.2 middle school
c.no.2 middle school d. he, at, the
()2.—how long have you been here?
—i"ve been here for a few minutes.
a.few, minutes b.have, a few minutes
c.i"ve, minutes
d.here, for, few, minutes
()3.—is the ball on the table?
—no, it"s under the table.
a.under, table b.table
c.no, under d.no,table
()4.—will you go with me to the park this afternoon?
—yes, i will if i"m free.
a.yes, if b.i, will
c.free, i"m d.yes, free
()5.—why did you come to school late this morning?
—because i had breakfast late.
a.because, late b.had, breakfast
c.because, had, breakfast, late
d.breakfast, late
十、指出下面每組對話中的三個句子一般情況下應讀的語調。
()1.—excuse me, which is the way to the library?
—you are a new student, aren"t you?
—yes, i am.
a.升、升、降 b.降、升、升
c.降、降、降 d.降、升、降
()2.—what beautiful flowers they are!
—do you like them, too?
—yes, i like them very much.
a.升、升、降 b.升、降、降
c.升、降、升 d.降、升、降
()3.—what are they doing there?
—i don"t know.
—let"s go and have a look, shall we?
a.降、降、降 b.降、降、升
c.升、降、升 d.升、升、降
()4.—what can i do for you?
—do you have "from earth to moon"?
—i"m afraid we haven"t.
a.升、升、升 b.降、升、降
c.升、降、降 d.降、降、升
()5.—are you going to town by bike or by bus?
—by bus.
—when are you leaving?
a.降、升、升 b.升、升、降
c.降、降、降 d.升、降、升
key:
一、1.d 2.b 3.a 4.a 5.c
二、1.b 2.a 3.c 4.a 5.b
三、1.d 2.b 3.d 4.c 5.b
四、1.c 2.b 3.d 4.c 5.c
五、1.a 2.b 3.d 4.c 5.a
六、[α:]:b,e [au]:a,f [@②:]:d,g [ai]:c,h
七、1.c 2.d 3.a 4.c 5.b 6.c 7.d 8.d 9.c
10.c 11.d 12.a 13.c 14.b
八、1.c 2.b 3.d 4.a 5.b
九、1.c 2.a 3.c 4.d 5.c
十、1.c 2.d 3.b 4.b 5.c