請看NMET關于“—ever”用法的幾道單項選擇題:
①If we work with a strong will, we can overcome anydifficulty,______ great it is.
(’95NMET)
A.what B.how C.however D.whatever
答案:C。“however”,adv.意為“無論如何”、“不管怎樣”。
②It is generally considered unwise to give a child_____he or she wants.
(’97NMET)
A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever
答案:B。“whatever”,pron.“無論什麽”、“任何東西”之意。
③_______, Mother will wait for him to have dinnertogether. (’97NMET)
A.However late is he B.However he is late
C.However is he late D.However late he is
答案:D。“however”,adv.表示“無論如何”、“不管怎樣”。
根據上述所出現關于“—ever”的構詞形式,我們把學過的這些詞歸為兩大類。
第一類:“however,whenever,wherever”,作連詞或者副詞。
第二類:“whatever,whichever,whoever”,作代詞或者形容詞。
下面具體地談一談它們各自的用法。
(一)“however”作連詞或副詞
1.作連詞,“不管用什麽方法”。
例如:He can go however he likes.
2.作副詞,“無論如何”、“不管怎樣”
例如:①However cold it is,he always goe ming.
②I"ll come however busy I am
3.作副詞,“究竟怎麽”(表示驚奇)。
例如:However did you find it?
4.作副詞,“不過”、“仍然”、“然而”
例如:He hasn"t arrived.He may however later.
(二)“whenever”作連詞或副詞
1.作連詞,“任何時候”。例如
①Whenever we see him we speak to him.
②Come whenever you like.
2.作連詞,“每當”、“每逢”“每次”
例如:Whenever that man says “To tell the truth”, I suspect that he"s about to tell a li e .
3.作副詞,“任何時間”“任何時候”
例如:①He might turn up on Monday , or Friday, or whenever, andexpect to be given a meal.
②Whether they arrive tonight ,tomorrow , or whenever, they"ll bewelcome.
4.作副詞,“到底什麽時候”。
例如:Whenever will he learn ?
(三)“wherever”作連詞或副詞
1.作連詞,“在任何地方”、“到任何地方”、“在任何情況下”。
例如:Sit wherever you like
2.作副詞,“在任何地方”。
例如:He comes from Boula, wherever that may be , from a place called Boula,and I have no
idea where it is.
3.作副詞,“到底什麽地方”。
例如:Wherever did she get that hat.
(四)“whatever”作代詞或形容詞。
1.“whatever”作代詞,/no matter what /“無論什麽”、“無論如何”。
例如:
①Keep calm,whatever happens
②Whatever (No matter what) you may say, I will go.
2.“whatever”作代詞,/anything or everything that/“任何的事物”、“每一……的事物”。
例如①Do whatever you like.
②Whatever I have is at your service.
3.作代詞“or whatever”“或任何東西”、“諸如此類”
例如:He"d have difficulty in learning any language ——Greek, Chinese,or whatever.
4.作代詞,“到底(究竟)什麽”。
例如 Whatever can he mean by that?
5.作形容詞,“任何的”、“無論什麽的”、“任何種類、程度等的”。
例如Take whatever measures you consider best.
6.作形容詞,在否定句中,置于名詞之後,強調否定語氣
例如①There can be no doubt whatever about it.
②I have no intention whatever of resigning.
(五)“Whichever” 作代詞或形容詞
1.“Whichever” 作代詞,/anything or everything “無論哪些”、 “無論哪個”。
例如 ①Whichever (Anything that) you want is yours.
②Take two of the four elective subjects, whichever you prefer.
2.作代詞,“……的那一個”。
例如①Take whichever you like best.
②Whichever of you comes in first will receive a prize.
3.作代詞,“究竟哪個(哪些)”。
例如 Whichever do you mean?
4. 作形容詞,“無論哪個”、“無論哪些”。
例如:He may choose whichever desk he wishes.
(六)“whoever”作代詞:
“whoever”作代詞,/any person who/the person who/“任何人”、“無論誰”、“……的人”。
例如①Whoever(Anyone who)said it,it"s not so.
②Whoever says that is wrong.
2.作代詞,“到底(究竟)是誰”。
例如 Whoever told you that?