孰優孰劣：要分數還是要能力?
【內容提示】
當前，應試教育和貭素教育是教育界討論的熱點話題。前者的目的是取得高分，考入高一級學校;後者的目的是全面發展，取得能力而適應社會的需要。目的不同，方法也不同，結果也就不同。在應試教育的思想指導下，教學的方法是填鴨式，教師硬灌，學生硬背，考不上大學就什麽也不會做了。而在貭素教育的思想指導下，教學方法是靈活多樣的，把書本知識化為實踐技能，學生考不上大學也能從事各種工作。請你就這一問題寫一篇文章，比較二者的優劣。下列詞語供參考： 1.cramming-duck hand填鴨式手段 2.flexible and varied measures靈活多變的措施
【作文示範】
Which Is Better: To Get Scores or To Get Abilities?
When asked such a question: Which is better, to get scores or to get abilities, many students" answer like mine would be that to get abilities is better than to get scores. To make it clear, we have to compare the both sides.
Two different aims lead to two different methods and two different results. If we are eager to get good marks, our teachers would take a cramming-duck hand to force us to do much hard work. We have to learn by heart a lot of lifeless knowledge. We have to recite many many poems and texts. We have to carry a heavy school-bag. We have to do much homework after school. All of what we do is merely for a single purpose----to pass examinations. As a result we cannot enjoy any thing. We have no free time. We have no holidays. We have no games and plays. We have no pleasure. We have no childhood. In the end we have no skills or capabilities① except some dead knowledge from books. We are not able to wash our clothes. We are not able to cook meals. We are not able to labour in the fields. We are not able to operate machines in the factories. In a word we cannot do any practical work.
On the other hand, if we intend to gain abilities, our teachers will take flexible and varied measures in their teaching practice. They will provide for all the students chances to share equal education and we students are supposed to enjoy all-round② development. While we learn knowledge from books, we are showed how to use computers, how to make a radio or recorder, how to make experiments and researches in sciences; how to play the piano or violin, how to sing or dance, how to draw or paint pictures and portraits; how to prepare a dish or how to make bread; how to plant trees and grass, how to go in for farming by means of scientific methods; how to do business and how to keep in touch with others. All in all, we can play an active part in our studies. At last we will master not only book knowledge, but also the other three abilities----living ability, working ability and mabageable③ ability. Thus, we will serve the people better.
By comparing the two ideas, we can come to a close that the purpose to get scores is far worse than the aim to get vanous abilities. Only when we know well both scientific knowledge and practical skills, can we live happily and work wonderfully in the society in the coming future.
【詞語解釋】
①capability[?keip+"bil+ti] n.能力;才能
②all-round["&:l"raund] a.全面的;才能多方面的
③manageable["m$nidN+bl] a.可以設法的;應變的
【寫法指要】
1)本文是對應試教育和貭素教育的優劣對比。通過比較作者最後的結論是：貭素教育優于應試教育。全文分四個自然段，第一段提出篇題，第二段寫應試教育的目的、方法和結果，第三段與第二段相對，寫貭素教育的目的、方法和結果，第四段是結論段。
2)本文句法的突出特點是對平行句式的使用。第二段分別用“We have to…”，“We have no…”，“We are not able to….”平行句說明了應試教育的手段和後果;第三段用五組“… how to….”平行句式強調了全面發展的內容。這樣做，增強了對比的效果。